In this paper, the thermal buckling analysis of a circular plate made of FGM materials with actuator/actuator piezoelectric layers based on Neutral Plane, classical plate theory and first order shear deformation plate theory is investigated. Reddy's model is assumed for material properties of FGM plate. Plate under the thermal loading, nonlinear temperature rise through the thickness and clamped edges is considered. Equilibrium and stability equations are drived using the calculus of variations and applying Euler equations. The obtained results are compared with the numerical values of the critical buckling temperature based on the theories mentioned above, and good agreement is observed between them.

In this study, the impact of Negative Skin Friction (NSF) on composite piles concerning different variables such as different pile sections, the amount of concrete and steel consumption, and various interaction coefficients of the pile-soil system in both solid and hollow conditions are evaluated using numerical methods. Besides, the effect of the variables considered on the negative skin friction and pile’s settlement is investigated. Numerical analyses were performed using ABAQUS and MATLAB. The results showed that the amount of frictional stress on the pile decreases if the hollow sections are used. However, the hallow pile experiences more settlements than other piles’ models. On the other hand, if the amount of consumed steel in a pile is reduced, the amount of negative skin friction induced in a pile decreases, while the pile settlement increases. After examining the Finite Element of concrete piles in fine-grained soils, the safety surface of the suggested numerical relationship was considered in the phenomenon of negative friction on the pile. For this purpose, considering the uncertainty parameters such as mean, variance and probability function for overcharge, soil parameters, dimensions and different types of the single pile, the amount of settlement, the stress created on the pile, the position of Neutral Plane on the pile and drag load were calculated using the proposed relationship. Finally, the safety surface of the proposed relationships or comparisons of a Finite Element results in a close approximation to the real models was computed.

The aim of this paper is to dissociate Metaphysics and Theology. In Metaphysics, I propose a Neutral Monist foundation of the Being of Reality, which is, therefore, not material or ideal, but a cosmic field of possibilities that generate both domains. God is conceived as one possibility embedded in the Being of Reality that may or may not become actual, depending on conditions established by the evolution of the Cosmos. As far as we know, the conditions for actualization of God are satisfied by human consciousness. The relation between the Being of Reality and its outcomes, as the realization of God in human society, is one of actualization of potentialities, as in Aristotelian philosophy. This approach leads to a Feuerbachian view of God as emergent in social conscious experience, achieving embodied expression in human social practices, from the legitimate symbolic message of prophets, in sacred texts, rituals, images, buildings and social institutions implemented by religious organizations.

Introduction: Occlusal Plane orientation is an important part of organized occlusion. The ala-tragus Plane is considered to be parallel to the occlusal Plane while reconstructing occlusion. This study was aimed to determine the condition of parallelism of these two Planes in Iranian.Methods and material: In this cross sectional study, 197 patients were examined. The angle between ala-tragus and occlusal Plane was assessed by indexed fox Plane and the position of Stensen's duct to adjacent molar in maxillary tooth and the position of the dorsal side of the tongue relative to posterior mandibular teeth were also examined by clinical examination. Then two Planes were investigated by lateral cephalometry for 23 patients. Deep bite, long face, and with bruxism patients were identified to examine the probable effect of this position in them. The data was analyzed with t-test, Peirson and X2 tests (a=0.05).Results: The ala-tragus line had the tendency to be paralleled with posterior occlusal Plane and the mean angle of two Planes was 1.77o. In cephalometric measurement, the estimated mean of the angle was 2.96o. In the most of the cases, Dorsum of tongue was above the mandibular occlusal plan. In the half of the cases Stensen's duct was in the occlusal third of adjacent molar.Conclusion: The differences in the mean angles of clinical measurement and cephalometric measurement have been resulted from the differences in two methods. The results allow clinicians to parallel occlusal plan with the ala-tragus line to achieve a natural position for reconstruction of occlusal plan.

Money Neutrality has been the focus of numerous studies in recent decades. There are a great deal of findings about the way monetary policies impress real sectors, though there is not a clear undrestanding about the final effects of this variable. this study is devoted to examine the long run relationship between real GDP, money outside and inside money), consumer price index, and exchange rate (within the period of 1959-2002), using econometric methods such as TS (Two Stage), Engle Granger, Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL), Johanson-Joselios co-integration and HEGY tests. The results show that both inside and outside money have approximately the same but mirror-like effect on real production. They are also able to explain 0.25 and 0.33 percent of GDP Variations, respectively. However exchange rates role in this regard is about 16 percent. This analysis has doe by using ARDL method shows that the elasticity of GDP to changes in inside and outside money is 0.403 and -0.395 respectively. In other words the impact of these two variables on GDP is the same but mirror-like. Finally the results of Seasonal co-integration and HEGY test defines no co-integration among inside money, outside money and GDP but a non spurious relation among inside money, outside money and CPI. Thus the hypothesis of money Neutrally is accepted in Irans economy, and also it becames clear that the exchange rate is one of those important variables affecting production in the long run. What can be recommended here is that monetary authorities can apply monetary policies for deflator goals, as production level is not affected by changes in money supply.